Site Visit At Forth Replacement Crossing - 1661 Words

Report on site visit at Forth Replacement Crossing On 11/10/2016 By Isabelle Kent H00262757 Table of Content 1. Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 3. Construction 3.1. Towers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 3.2. Cables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 3.3. Deck, surfacing and roadway†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 3.4. Health Safety†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 3.5. Challenges†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 4. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 5. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 1. Background Site location – Firth of Forth, Queensferry Site area - 13.7 miles (22km) Bridge length - 1.7miles (2.7km) including approach viaducts Expected date of completion – May 2017 Project contractor - Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors The building of the bridge and roads connecting to it has been contracted to Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors (FCBC). This is a collaboration of four experienced civil engineering companies – Hochtief solutions AG, Germany; Dragados, Spain; American Bridge, USA; and Morrison Construction, Scotland. Designers – Forth Crossing Design JV The architects and designers for FCBC was a joint venture composed of Ramboll, Denmark; SWECO, Netherlands; and Leonhardt, Andra Partner, Germany. Cost (as of Oct 2016) –  £1.325 to  £1.35 billion 2. Introduction On 11th October 2016, we visited the Forth Replacement Crossing site as the project was nearing completion. The site encompasses the building of the new Forth road bridge, as well as significant improvements to the surrounding trunk road networks. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Efficacy And Safety For Smoking Cessation Treatment5216 Words   |  21 Pagestherapies2. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), psychotropic drugs, and partial nicotine acetylcholine agonists, in combination with behavioral support, can help to increase the abstinence rates3,4. However, all current therapies have only modest efficacy, emphasizing the need for alternative and improved treatments. Immunization against nicotine provides one such novel approach. The rationale behind this approach is to induce antibodies against nicotine, which bind and prevent it from crossing the blood brainRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagesreceived a favorable review in the June 1995 issue of its periodica l, Euroflax Newsletter. ---The first two issues (1994) of the JIHA can now be found on the Internet at . An IHA member was kind enough to set us up on his web site, free of charge. We hope to establish our own site in 1996. ---We will soon be offering a Cannabis Information Kit for educators (see page 108). This was put together by our Projects Manager, Rob Clarke, and is a mixed media resource, including slides and actual examples ofRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesfrom the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu. Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 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Complete Guide to American Battleships

Quiz on Philosophy and Reasoning - 859 Words

1. Define the term reason. Reason refers to a faculty of mind that allows human beings to make conscious decisions based on known evidence. It often entails the use of logic, detailed analyses, and critical thought. A reason in the sense of a validation for an argument refers to something different. Usually the reasons used to support an argument consist of personal beliefs, opinions, anecdotes, fears, financial motivations, or actual facts, data, and statistics. 2. What are the ways you should look for the reasons used to support an argument? Panning for gold is the way the authors claim readers can look for the reasons being used to support an argument. This involves asking critical questions, seeking underlying meanings, and motives for why the person writes. For example, readers should ask why the writer is trying to persuade to discover the hidden motives. The person should evaluate the argument for textual or factual evidence. The person should form his or her own conclusions and those might offer clues to the reasons the author used. The reasons used to support an argument may be explicit or implicit. Explicit reasons will be stated in ways like, I believe abortion is right because ¦ whereas implicit reasons will not be stated in a direct manner. A person must read between the lines to discover a persons biases and prejudices, which will be used as reasons to support an argument even if those reasons are invalid. 3. What do we call the specificShow MoreRelatedOpen-Book Philosophy Quiz Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesAssociate Level Material Open-Book Philosophy Quiz After reading this week’s required readings, take this open-book philosophy quiz. Answer the following questions in paragraph form. This is a short-answer worksheet, not an essay composition. 1. What is philosophy? Include a brief description of the different branches of philosophy Philosophy is the pursuit of knowledge or wisdom generally topic specific. 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These educators understood that only certain experiences promote growth and learning. †¦ Colorado Rocky Mountain School s mission, goals, and values share the original principles of those two educators, and our educational philosophy remains fundamentally unchanged †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (crms.org/about/mission-vision-values/) As weRead MoreStatement Of Teaching Philosophy : My Lifelong Passion For Maths Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesStatement of Teaching Philosophy My lifelong passion for Maths and my desire to share it with others have enhanced my admiration of the subject and reinforced my aspiration to become a teacher. During my 12 years of teaching experience, I was trying to best exemplify the three important points: (i) love of teaching, (ii) love of mathematics, and (iii) concern for the student. 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Learning Through Linguistic And Cultural Diversity

Teachers guides, facilities and encourage students to become life-long learners during their school years. Besides teaching them academics, we build relationships and community through their school year. Coupled with, create on the student autonomy of their own learning to grow up and become professionals. Equally important, teachers become learners when building those relationships in order to create a culturally responsive classroom. The course Enhancing Learning through Linguistic and Cultural Diversity has shown me the importance of why getting to know the students that we have in the classroom. Dr. Garcia (n.d) explained the importance of using the five R’s not only in the classroom, but also in the school environment. In addition, he focused on the importance of getting to know the roots of the students, where they come from, how they were raised, know their culture in order to connect them to the learning. Together with Dr. Garcia, Dr. Nieto and Bode (2008) explai ned that affirming language and culture can help students become successful and well- adjusted learners, but unless language and cultural issues are viewed critically through the lens of equity and social justice, they are unlikely to have a lasting impact in promoting real changes. Therefore, Dr. Tharp (Laureate Education, n.d) explain in one of the CREDE standards developing literacy and language skills across the curriculum. 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Research within the article states that children who speak more than one language will have a higher level of understanding literacy content, form, genre, as well as understand the differences and translating within both languages. This demonstrates a contrast of strengths and experiences with literacy (linguistic capital) (Breen et al.Read MoreTopic: The uncertain future of English as a global language1100 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: The uncertain future of English as a global language Rationale My written task is based on part one of the English course (Language in cultural context). I have chosen to do an article based on the future of English as a global language. I chose to do this because English today is gaining popularity worldwide, in certain cases influencing the syntax of other languages. In class we spent time discussing the effects of use of English language on a global front. 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Living in 1900 or 1750 Free Essays

Between the years 1750 and 1900, there were many important changes to agriculture, transport and education. These were generally for the better yet perhaps didn’t affect everyone to the same degree. Looking at each we will see if everyone’s life was changed for the better. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in 1900 or 1750? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking firstly at transport, it can be seen that by 1900 transport had improved greatly, instead of everyone walking and riding bikes people could go on a steam boat or train. The railways were excellent as it meant that fresh food like fish could be delivered and people could go to the seaside whereas before people who didn’t live near the sea couldn’t get food such as fish as there was no way for fish to travel. Also people from the country could never go to the seaside or go out on day trips as the only transport that they had was themselves or bikes , but in 1900 they could go nearly anywhere on the steam train. Most people’s lives were changed for the better but it wasn’t cheap to ride the train so it didn’t help poor people at all. Secondly, when we look at education in 1900, it has also improved. In 1750 very few children went to school and those children who did were from very rich families. Hardly any children could read or write except those who were rich enough to go to school, whereas in 1900 nearly everyone could read and write because school was compulsory for all five to twelve year old children, both boys and girls. By 1900 there were ten universities in England, five in Scotland, one in Wales and one in Ireland. Nearly everyone’s lives changed for the better, as most people could read and write so they could get decent jobs. Thirdly, while we look at agriculture we can see that it has dramatically changed. Agriculture in 1750 was based on the British Empire. The cattle and livestock were from the places in the British Empire and so were all the crops. But in 1900 the British Empire had developed rapidly so there were many new and exotic crops for Britain to eat. It changed peoples live for the better as they had a more balanced diet with lots of new fruits and all other crops. Also working conditions changed a lot during these years. In 1750 there were very little industries which were known as cottage industries as they worked in small workshops next to there homes. Whereas in 1900 there were loads of huge factories instead of small workshops. In 1750 there was hardly any pollution if any but in 1900 the air was full of pollution because of the factories. The factories in 1900 were illuminated and had safe guards on most dangerous machines. I think in some aspects it had changed for the better but in others it hadn’t. It had changed for the better because it was safer and the factories produced loads of goods but there were lots of pollution. Medicine in 1750 was appalling, nobody knew anything. There were know vaccinations or anything, but in 1900 anaesthetics and antiseptics were developed so now, most patients didn’t die of shock. Also Louis Pasteur had discovered that germs cause disease, this led to vaccines being developed for diphtheria and other diseases. Also sewers were installed and the water supplies were a lot better, this cut back the amount of germs around. This changed everyone’s lives for better as the vaccinations were available for all. I would rather live in 1900 as the way of life is a lot better. Louis Pasteur had discovered that germs caused disease which helped develop vaccinations. I would like to live in 1900 as school is compulsory so nearly everyone can read and write. How to cite Living in 1900 or 1750?, Papers

Technology Trends free essay sample

Technological connectivity will transform the way people live and interact Technology has a big impact upon people and their lives. People are more dependant now upon computers and televisions and other electrical appliances now than before. Now if people need to find out information, they more likely look on the internet, than going down to their local library and looking it up in a book. Also more people use internet chat sites and emails instead of phoning people or even writing letters. Also more people sit and watch the television when they have free time rather than going and playing a game or reading a book or doing something else. Trends in technology: The technologies on the 1995 Hype Cycle have evolved; wireless communications have exploded into hundreds of underlying technologies, standards and applications, and the information superhighway has manifested itself through the Internet and World Wide Web to drive ubiquitous information access, new forms of community and whole industries built around online commerce. Some technologies didnt fare so well; videoconferencing, handwriting recognition and speech recognition are still featured 10 years later on the 2005 Emerging Technologies Hype Cycle as they struggle toward mainstream adoption. {draw:frame} In 2009, Web 2. 0, cloud computing, Internet TV and RFID are all labeled transformational which means that they are predicted to have a big impact on the market. Cloud computing is changing the way the IT industry looks at user and vendor relationships. It points to vendors such as Amazon. com, Google, Microsoft and salesforce. com. {draw:frame} How technology has changed the lives of people: Technology has totally changed the life of all the people in the world. Most of the people are happy with internet/mobile and computers at present life. Thanks to the Internet, virtually anything you desire can be delivered to your door in a matter of days. Personal information is more accessible over the Internet as well you can look up everything from a long-lost cousin to the registered sex offenders in your neighborhood. You can even trade stocks or file taxes online. Parents dont need to lose sleep waiting for their teenage daughter to come home they can just call her cell phone, or end an unobtrusive text, to check up. Due to Technology, we can now stay in contact with people that have moved away or live in other parts of the world. With only a simple download, we can stay in contact with friends and family anywhere in the world. There are many chat sites in which we can meet people from all over the world and start friendships. With the technology that is being created, we c an do almost anything on our computers. We can even order our shopping over the internet! We can even watch movies and listen to music on the internet now. How technology has changed the way we conduct business: Technology and we mean the advances in communication and information technology has changed the face and the pace of business As communication and information travels faster and faster, the world seems smaller and smaller, and this has large implications for the way we conduct business. Storing important in files on a computer rather than in drawers, for instance, has made information easily accessible. Using e-mail allows businesses to communicate and send these files quickly to remote locations outside of an office. Many argue technology has blurred the line between professional and private lives. Wireless Internet, cell phones and BlackBerries have made it easy to work from home or for that matter, from the beach. The fact that its easy to work from the beach compels people to do so. On the flip side, people also feel compelled to use Internet access at work for personal reasons. In this way, technology allows workaholics to work and slackers to slack Negative impact: As well as the problems that can be caused by Internet Security risks, there are some aspects of technology that can be damaging to us. For example, less people go and practise sport, with more people sitting and watching television on a weekend and during their free time. Also when people do shopping over the internet, they are more likely to miss out on things that they needed or wanted to buy because when they are looking around a shop, they will see the things that they want to buy and they will not forget, but on the internet, they can not see the products, so they are more likely to forget what they need, or end up buying something that was not what they wanted in the first place. Also when you are shopping over the internet, if something you want can not be found, then the shop will try to find a compromise item instead, which may be of lesser quality and value and might even cost quite a bit more than what they wanted would have cost. Due to some recent technologies, people are getting less ands less exercise because they would rather sit and watch television, or play on their computer, or listen to their music than go out and do something. Also because of technology, more people are getting stolen from because they have the most advanced phone or music player. It also means that more people are spending their money on things that are not especially necessary, such as cameras on phones and video playing capabilities on music players. Future dimensions the trend is going to take: The future trends coming up focus on energy efficiency and mobility a bit greener and a lot faster. {draw:frame} Few upcoming trends in 2009 include: Mobile applications:With the Indias mobile telecom network expected to grow from over 300 million subscribers now to over 400 million by the end of 2009, mobile applications (m-apps) will become central to entertainment, information, banking and other services and, of course, revenues for telecom companies. Youll see many m-payment services, and banks will urge you to use SMS and m-banking. The media will get serious with the platform, with SMS, mobile Web, widgets and m-apps. And m-marketing expect lots of SMS spam and the failure of do-not-disturb lists, until a service provider gets taken to court. The mobile will drive a host of apps: global positioning system (GPS), digital photography, music distribution. These started off earlier, but will really take off in 2009. Your phone will be at the centre of a converged, digital universe. With 3G technology, and 16 GB of storage, itll be your storehouse, your credit card, your identity. Green energy: The world is energy-starved, and this influences product development. Especially with mobile devices, which need to stretch battery life to handle 3G and multimedia. Laptops are moving from a four-hour battery life to eight hours. While we do have long-life laptops (over 20 hours), they are not the norm. Low-power processors and displays, flash memory, and newer software will help more laptops move to the high-battery-life band. The Energy Star logo will adorn appliances and adapters. And policy will drive stricter energy standards for appliances (and cars), and e-waste and disposal laws by year-end. But the disappointment will come from batteries, as this tech wont see a quantum leap. So your overloaded mobile phone will last even less on a charge. Green lighting: Lighting will shift to compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). They consume less power and last longer, and you spend less on backup. Their high cost means that well see more power utilities subsidising CFLs. Youll also see more LED lighting. Already popular for traffic lights and pocket torches, theyll enter areas where long life and low power offset high initial cost: vehicle and aircraft cabins, and some homes and offices. One will also see electro-luminescence or EL, which has for years lit aircraft cockpits and Indiglo watches. EL panels cover large areas backlighting a ceiling or wall, drawing less power than a small light bulb. Global Positioning System: GPS entered the Indian market in 2007 with maps. Last year saw several products, and software for phones especially Google Maps and Nokia Maps. In 2009, GPS will enter sub-Rs. 10, 000 mobile phones and midrange cars. Up ahead will be 3D GPS landmarks. Nokia Maps 3. 0 is testing this for its devices. And new tech will combine real-time video with turn-by-turn directions, as with Blaupunkts TravelPilot 500 SafeDrive navigation. The iPhone may also integrate Google Street View images with satellite data, to provide a similar interface. Next generation networks: Till 2008, India was stuck with second-generation mobile tech. We trailed in 3G, which Japan launched in 2001, South Korea in 2002. Over 40 countries had 3G networks by early 2008. 3G was finally launched in India last month by the state-run Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) in the national capital. It will roll out in other parts of India, first from another state-run company Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and then from Airtel, Vodafone and others by around mid-2009, thanks to the delay in spectrum auction. G allows fast Internet access on the move and fixed access in hard-to-reach areas, without cabling. It spurs new services like mobile video and multimedia. Youll see PCs and laptops with built-in 3G, like Qualcomms Kayak prototype. Many mid-range handsets are already 3G-ready, so you may not need to change your handset. But dont expect WiMax taking off. While we patiently await it, 3G may overtake this always-around-the-corner technology. Green Mobil e: The oil price swings of 2008 (up to over $140 a barrel, then down to under $40) were a gift for our planet. They forced the world to re-look at fuel-efficient cars. Sports utility vehicles (SUVs) went out of fashion. Even in the US, buyers bought smaller cars and hybrids. In India, the quirky Reva electric car generated interest again, and the Civic Hybrid was sold out on a discount scheme. The car tech of 2009 will centre on fuel efficiency. Hondas all-new City will pick up some Car of the year awards, with its blend of space, superb power, and drive ability, combined with fuel efficiency. Youll see more hybrids in India and a range of electric vehicles from buses to two-wheelers. The fuel cell will power some car models, globally. Other car tech for 2009 will include night vision, head-up displays, fog-penetrating laser scanners and an advanced anti-collision system from Mercedes (who gave us airbags and ABS). The system brakes automatically, bringing the car to a stop if necessary. Netbooks: We saw the Asus EeePC last year, and then other netbooks ultra-portable, minimalist but connected notebook computers at Rs 20k to 30k. Rising global demand and Intels low power Atom processor are helping flood the market with netbooks.

Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are required to provide a complete report of your research project, that you chose in Assessment 3. Answer: Denial-Of-Service and Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks Denial-of-Service mainly refers security event which mainly occurs when an attacker prevents the authentic users from accessing the computer system or the network or the device which has been targeted. Distributed Denial-of-Service is a form of Denial-of-Service attack (Compagno et al., 2013). The main difference between the DDoS and DoS is that the DoS attack mainly uses of a single computer and internet connection in order to flood the system which has been targeted whereas in the DDoS attack the attacker makes use of multiple computer and internet connection in order to flood the resources or the system which has been targeted (He Zhu, 2012). The major challenges involved in this technology includes the following: Buffer overflow attack: The most common form of attack and this attack involves the sending of network traffic to the address of the network which has be built by the programmers so as to handle the system (Liu, Liu El Saddik, 2013). ICMP flood: This type of attack happens by leveraging the misconfigured network devices which is generally done by sending of the spoofed packets. This is initially followed by pinging each and every computer resent in the network rather than only on the single machine. After this the triggering of the network is done in order to amplify the traffic (Lonea, Popescu Tianfield, 2013). This attack can also be termed as the smurf attack or the ping of death. SYN flood: in this type of attack a request is send in order to connect to the server but despite of this handshake is never completed. This continues till all the ports are saturated with the requests and none of the requests are available for eth authentic users to get connected. After analyzing the various characteristics of the buffer overflow attack it has been seen that the traditional defense systems are not adequate. By making use of an appropriate tool the problem of buffer overflow attack can be tackled, the programmers should be educated enough prevent t or minimize the use of any kind of unsafe functions. From the point of view of a programmer it should be made sure that the secure functions are used. Keeping of the system up-to-date having the most recent security patches would greatly help in protecting the servers against various powerful threats. References: Compagno, A., Conti, M., Gasti, P., Tsudik, G. (2013, October). Poseidon: Mitigating interest flooding DDoS attacks in named data networking. InLocal Computer Networks (LCN), 2013 IEEE 38th Conference on(pp. 630-638). IEEE. Lonea, A. M., Popescu, D. E., Tianfield, H. (2013). Detecting DDoS attacks in cloud computing environment.International Journal of Computers Communications Control,8(1), 70-78. Liu, S., Liu, X. P., El Saddik, A. (2013, February). Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on load frequency control in smart grids. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2013 IEEE PES(pp. 1-6). IEEE. He, L., Zhu, W. T. (2012, May). Mitigating DoS attacks against signature-based authentication in VANETs. InComputer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE), 2012 IEEE International Conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 261-265). IEEE.