Living in 1900 or 1750 Free Essays

Between the years 1750 and 1900, there were many important changes to agriculture, transport and education. These were generally for the better yet perhaps didn’t affect everyone to the same degree. Looking at each we will see if everyone’s life was changed for the better. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in 1900 or 1750? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking firstly at transport, it can be seen that by 1900 transport had improved greatly, instead of everyone walking and riding bikes people could go on a steam boat or train. The railways were excellent as it meant that fresh food like fish could be delivered and people could go to the seaside whereas before people who didn’t live near the sea couldn’t get food such as fish as there was no way for fish to travel. Also people from the country could never go to the seaside or go out on day trips as the only transport that they had was themselves or bikes , but in 1900 they could go nearly anywhere on the steam train. Most people’s lives were changed for the better but it wasn’t cheap to ride the train so it didn’t help poor people at all. Secondly, when we look at education in 1900, it has also improved. In 1750 very few children went to school and those children who did were from very rich families. Hardly any children could read or write except those who were rich enough to go to school, whereas in 1900 nearly everyone could read and write because school was compulsory for all five to twelve year old children, both boys and girls. By 1900 there were ten universities in England, five in Scotland, one in Wales and one in Ireland. Nearly everyone’s lives changed for the better, as most people could read and write so they could get decent jobs. Thirdly, while we look at agriculture we can see that it has dramatically changed. Agriculture in 1750 was based on the British Empire. The cattle and livestock were from the places in the British Empire and so were all the crops. But in 1900 the British Empire had developed rapidly so there were many new and exotic crops for Britain to eat. It changed peoples live for the better as they had a more balanced diet with lots of new fruits and all other crops. Also working conditions changed a lot during these years. In 1750 there were very little industries which were known as cottage industries as they worked in small workshops next to there homes. Whereas in 1900 there were loads of huge factories instead of small workshops. In 1750 there was hardly any pollution if any but in 1900 the air was full of pollution because of the factories. The factories in 1900 were illuminated and had safe guards on most dangerous machines. I think in some aspects it had changed for the better but in others it hadn’t. It had changed for the better because it was safer and the factories produced loads of goods but there were lots of pollution. Medicine in 1750 was appalling, nobody knew anything. There were know vaccinations or anything, but in 1900 anaesthetics and antiseptics were developed so now, most patients didn’t die of shock. Also Louis Pasteur had discovered that germs cause disease, this led to vaccines being developed for diphtheria and other diseases. Also sewers were installed and the water supplies were a lot better, this cut back the amount of germs around. This changed everyone’s lives for better as the vaccinations were available for all. I would rather live in 1900 as the way of life is a lot better. Louis Pasteur had discovered that germs caused disease which helped develop vaccinations. I would like to live in 1900 as school is compulsory so nearly everyone can read and write. How to cite Living in 1900 or 1750?, Papers

Technology Trends free essay sample

Technological connectivity will transform the way people live and interact Technology has a big impact upon people and their lives. People are more dependant now upon computers and televisions and other electrical appliances now than before. Now if people need to find out information, they more likely look on the internet, than going down to their local library and looking it up in a book. Also more people use internet chat sites and emails instead of phoning people or even writing letters. Also more people sit and watch the television when they have free time rather than going and playing a game or reading a book or doing something else. Trends in technology: The technologies on the 1995 Hype Cycle have evolved; wireless communications have exploded into hundreds of underlying technologies, standards and applications, and the information superhighway has manifested itself through the Internet and World Wide Web to drive ubiquitous information access, new forms of community and whole industries built around online commerce. Some technologies didnt fare so well; videoconferencing, handwriting recognition and speech recognition are still featured 10 years later on the 2005 Emerging Technologies Hype Cycle as they struggle toward mainstream adoption. {draw:frame} In 2009, Web 2. 0, cloud computing, Internet TV and RFID are all labeled transformational which means that they are predicted to have a big impact on the market. Cloud computing is changing the way the IT industry looks at user and vendor relationships. It points to vendors such as Amazon. com, Google, Microsoft and salesforce. com. {draw:frame} How technology has changed the lives of people: Technology has totally changed the life of all the people in the world. Most of the people are happy with internet/mobile and computers at present life. Thanks to the Internet, virtually anything you desire can be delivered to your door in a matter of days. Personal information is more accessible over the Internet as well you can look up everything from a long-lost cousin to the registered sex offenders in your neighborhood. You can even trade stocks or file taxes online. Parents dont need to lose sleep waiting for their teenage daughter to come home they can just call her cell phone, or end an unobtrusive text, to check up. Due to Technology, we can now stay in contact with people that have moved away or live in other parts of the world. With only a simple download, we can stay in contact with friends and family anywhere in the world. There are many chat sites in which we can meet people from all over the world and start friendships. With the technology that is being created, we c an do almost anything on our computers. We can even order our shopping over the internet! We can even watch movies and listen to music on the internet now. How technology has changed the way we conduct business: Technology and we mean the advances in communication and information technology has changed the face and the pace of business As communication and information travels faster and faster, the world seems smaller and smaller, and this has large implications for the way we conduct business. Storing important in files on a computer rather than in drawers, for instance, has made information easily accessible. Using e-mail allows businesses to communicate and send these files quickly to remote locations outside of an office. Many argue technology has blurred the line between professional and private lives. Wireless Internet, cell phones and BlackBerries have made it easy to work from home or for that matter, from the beach. The fact that its easy to work from the beach compels people to do so. On the flip side, people also feel compelled to use Internet access at work for personal reasons. In this way, technology allows workaholics to work and slackers to slack Negative impact: As well as the problems that can be caused by Internet Security risks, there are some aspects of technology that can be damaging to us. For example, less people go and practise sport, with more people sitting and watching television on a weekend and during their free time. Also when people do shopping over the internet, they are more likely to miss out on things that they needed or wanted to buy because when they are looking around a shop, they will see the things that they want to buy and they will not forget, but on the internet, they can not see the products, so they are more likely to forget what they need, or end up buying something that was not what they wanted in the first place. Also when you are shopping over the internet, if something you want can not be found, then the shop will try to find a compromise item instead, which may be of lesser quality and value and might even cost quite a bit more than what they wanted would have cost. Due to some recent technologies, people are getting less ands less exercise because they would rather sit and watch television, or play on their computer, or listen to their music than go out and do something. Also because of technology, more people are getting stolen from because they have the most advanced phone or music player. It also means that more people are spending their money on things that are not especially necessary, such as cameras on phones and video playing capabilities on music players. Future dimensions the trend is going to take: The future trends coming up focus on energy efficiency and mobility a bit greener and a lot faster. {draw:frame} Few upcoming trends in 2009 include: Mobile applications:With the Indias mobile telecom network expected to grow from over 300 million subscribers now to over 400 million by the end of 2009, mobile applications (m-apps) will become central to entertainment, information, banking and other services and, of course, revenues for telecom companies. Youll see many m-payment services, and banks will urge you to use SMS and m-banking. The media will get serious with the platform, with SMS, mobile Web, widgets and m-apps. And m-marketing expect lots of SMS spam and the failure of do-not-disturb lists, until a service provider gets taken to court. The mobile will drive a host of apps: global positioning system (GPS), digital photography, music distribution. These started off earlier, but will really take off in 2009. Your phone will be at the centre of a converged, digital universe. With 3G technology, and 16 GB of storage, itll be your storehouse, your credit card, your identity. Green energy: The world is energy-starved, and this influences product development. Especially with mobile devices, which need to stretch battery life to handle 3G and multimedia. Laptops are moving from a four-hour battery life to eight hours. While we do have long-life laptops (over 20 hours), they are not the norm. Low-power processors and displays, flash memory, and newer software will help more laptops move to the high-battery-life band. The Energy Star logo will adorn appliances and adapters. And policy will drive stricter energy standards for appliances (and cars), and e-waste and disposal laws by year-end. But the disappointment will come from batteries, as this tech wont see a quantum leap. So your overloaded mobile phone will last even less on a charge. Green lighting: Lighting will shift to compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). They consume less power and last longer, and you spend less on backup. Their high cost means that well see more power utilities subsidising CFLs. Youll also see more LED lighting. Already popular for traffic lights and pocket torches, theyll enter areas where long life and low power offset high initial cost: vehicle and aircraft cabins, and some homes and offices. One will also see electro-luminescence or EL, which has for years lit aircraft cockpits and Indiglo watches. EL panels cover large areas backlighting a ceiling or wall, drawing less power than a small light bulb. Global Positioning System: GPS entered the Indian market in 2007 with maps. Last year saw several products, and software for phones especially Google Maps and Nokia Maps. In 2009, GPS will enter sub-Rs. 10, 000 mobile phones and midrange cars. Up ahead will be 3D GPS landmarks. Nokia Maps 3. 0 is testing this for its devices. And new tech will combine real-time video with turn-by-turn directions, as with Blaupunkts TravelPilot 500 SafeDrive navigation. The iPhone may also integrate Google Street View images with satellite data, to provide a similar interface. Next generation networks: Till 2008, India was stuck with second-generation mobile tech. We trailed in 3G, which Japan launched in 2001, South Korea in 2002. Over 40 countries had 3G networks by early 2008. 3G was finally launched in India last month by the state-run Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) in the national capital. It will roll out in other parts of India, first from another state-run company Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and then from Airtel, Vodafone and others by around mid-2009, thanks to the delay in spectrum auction. G allows fast Internet access on the move and fixed access in hard-to-reach areas, without cabling. It spurs new services like mobile video and multimedia. Youll see PCs and laptops with built-in 3G, like Qualcomms Kayak prototype. Many mid-range handsets are already 3G-ready, so you may not need to change your handset. But dont expect WiMax taking off. While we patiently await it, 3G may overtake this always-around-the-corner technology. Green Mobil e: The oil price swings of 2008 (up to over $140 a barrel, then down to under $40) were a gift for our planet. They forced the world to re-look at fuel-efficient cars. Sports utility vehicles (SUVs) went out of fashion. Even in the US, buyers bought smaller cars and hybrids. In India, the quirky Reva electric car generated interest again, and the Civic Hybrid was sold out on a discount scheme. The car tech of 2009 will centre on fuel efficiency. Hondas all-new City will pick up some Car of the year awards, with its blend of space, superb power, and drive ability, combined with fuel efficiency. Youll see more hybrids in India and a range of electric vehicles from buses to two-wheelers. The fuel cell will power some car models, globally. Other car tech for 2009 will include night vision, head-up displays, fog-penetrating laser scanners and an advanced anti-collision system from Mercedes (who gave us airbags and ABS). The system brakes automatically, bringing the car to a stop if necessary. Netbooks: We saw the Asus EeePC last year, and then other netbooks ultra-portable, minimalist but connected notebook computers at Rs 20k to 30k. Rising global demand and Intels low power Atom processor are helping flood the market with netbooks.

Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are required to provide a complete report of your research project, that you chose in Assessment 3. Answer: Denial-Of-Service and Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks Denial-of-Service mainly refers security event which mainly occurs when an attacker prevents the authentic users from accessing the computer system or the network or the device which has been targeted. Distributed Denial-of-Service is a form of Denial-of-Service attack (Compagno et al., 2013). The main difference between the DDoS and DoS is that the DoS attack mainly uses of a single computer and internet connection in order to flood the system which has been targeted whereas in the DDoS attack the attacker makes use of multiple computer and internet connection in order to flood the resources or the system which has been targeted (He Zhu, 2012). The major challenges involved in this technology includes the following: Buffer overflow attack: The most common form of attack and this attack involves the sending of network traffic to the address of the network which has be built by the programmers so as to handle the system (Liu, Liu El Saddik, 2013). ICMP flood: This type of attack happens by leveraging the misconfigured network devices which is generally done by sending of the spoofed packets. This is initially followed by pinging each and every computer resent in the network rather than only on the single machine. After this the triggering of the network is done in order to amplify the traffic (Lonea, Popescu Tianfield, 2013). This attack can also be termed as the smurf attack or the ping of death. SYN flood: in this type of attack a request is send in order to connect to the server but despite of this handshake is never completed. This continues till all the ports are saturated with the requests and none of the requests are available for eth authentic users to get connected. After analyzing the various characteristics of the buffer overflow attack it has been seen that the traditional defense systems are not adequate. By making use of an appropriate tool the problem of buffer overflow attack can be tackled, the programmers should be educated enough prevent t or minimize the use of any kind of unsafe functions. From the point of view of a programmer it should be made sure that the secure functions are used. Keeping of the system up-to-date having the most recent security patches would greatly help in protecting the servers against various powerful threats. References: Compagno, A., Conti, M., Gasti, P., Tsudik, G. (2013, October). Poseidon: Mitigating interest flooding DDoS attacks in named data networking. InLocal Computer Networks (LCN), 2013 IEEE 38th Conference on(pp. 630-638). IEEE. Lonea, A. M., Popescu, D. E., Tianfield, H. (2013). Detecting DDoS attacks in cloud computing environment.International Journal of Computers Communications Control,8(1), 70-78. Liu, S., Liu, X. P., El Saddik, A. (2013, February). Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on load frequency control in smart grids. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2013 IEEE PES(pp. 1-6). IEEE. He, L., Zhu, W. T. (2012, May). Mitigating DoS attacks against signature-based authentication in VANETs. InComputer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE), 2012 IEEE International Conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 261-265). IEEE.

Foundation Essay free essay sample

Rappers and rockers are no trying to fix problems. They create problems for attention. That philosophy, attitude and behavior go against everything football coaches stand for. Theyre in a constant battle to squash rebellion, dissent and second opinions from their player What we re witnessing today are purposeless, selfish acts of buffoonery. Sensible people have grown tired of it. Football people are recognizing it doesnt contribute to a winning environment. (Witchdoctors) This column expresses well how hip- hop culture relates to our society.It seems to be biased this story by author, however, taking three hip-hop concepts into consideration; his statement is likely to be reliable. As he pointed out, hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. Think that his opinion is the same as that of most people. Hip-hop culture, particularly, black American culture is likely to be against our society. This culture seems to relate to the counter culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Counterculture was popularity 1960 to 1970.Hip-hop culture began in 1970 so young people in around ass and ass were definitely affected by counterculture. To Wrap Out the term Of hip-hop, black American lives in the hip-hop culture and then they become to be B-boys and B-girls. They are interested in the rap-music. Their idea about hip-hop seems to be the advertisement without promoting product. Their life is hip-hop culture and one of a-boy and B-girls way to express them. I consider the history of classic a-boy and hip-hop. We have already known about what the term: hip-hop is.It is good order to learn the history of classic B-boy and hip-hop. When we understand the history and the meaning of hip- hop, we will get what they want to dance, why they want to dance and how they dance on the hip-hop. Also, we should check whether my hypothesis is correct or not. In the early hip-hop era, they did not use hip-hop songs. These songs were the rock and funk songs. Their originators danced to in the half- decade between hip-hops emergencies as a coloratura movement around 1974 and the development of an associated musical gene rein 1970. By the mid-ass the musical breaking the song had taken on a new life as a historical break between the end of soul culture and the beginning of hip-hop culture. The breaking in the hip-hop is important for them to dance on the hip-hop. The brake is the original essence of the dance and the seed of its tradition. In this case, these breaking do not lead to rebellion; Jason Whitlock talked, in our society. However, from point of view of the roots of hip-hop, breaking songs and creating problems, Jason pointed out, is the same thing. Without lack of information about the term of hip-hop, we do not reach their breaking idea. Thats why leaning the term of hip-hop first is the most important. B- boys songs are valued as frameworks forth act of B-boning because they combine practical factors that facilitate the particular dance style with socio- historical associations that place any given performance in the context of b- boy history. The earliest B-boy danced to these songs in their entirety, avian their best moves for the break therefore the deejays began to focus on the breaks in the first place. The hip-hop is influenced by samba, mambo, salsa and Latin music. The syncopation of samba rhythms is fundamental aspect of the relationship between movement and suppressed elements of a composition. So, a-boy and B-girls dance is based on samba and then they arrange their dance to express themselves well. In view of Latin music, conga drums had become one of the important sounds to arise African American musical nationalism. The instrument was an important part of the sound of another of Americas great cultural achievements: funk. The vibrant music relationship that b-boys and B-girls maintain with these songs belies easy stereotypes about the relative value of live versus recorded music. In other words, without recoding of these songs -the way they seem to capture and time an place in which they were made is an important part oftener appeal. Their emotion and dance expresses themselves at that time. So, recording their feeling and motion seems to getting decrease value. When we think of the concepts of hip-hop, it makes sense that no recording about them is more alee than that of the recording. They just dance for expressing themselves.That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. It is generally accepted that reality is more important than recoding reality. For example, we think of rock concert and that video. Which one do you think that things of value are? It is needless to say that we choose the rock concert because the concert is definitely more valuable than that of video. In conclusion, B-boy and B-girl have followed by their rule. They have been adding some dance and music on the hip-hop and developing their skill of dance and music. I believe that their reeking will be potential for producing new dance and music categories in the future.After leaning the concept of hip-hop and their early activities, my image of hip-hop is dramatically changing to that of favorable impression. When we encounter the unknown thing, we are likely to regard that as bad thing. However, in most cases, it is too much biased by mass media. Most people in the hip-hop world are striving for developing their dance and music, and they follow the concepts of hip-hop. Their hip-hop world including dance and music is keeping for expanding our world. They will create their new way of expressing themselves. Foundation Essay free essay sample Foundation essay B-boys and B-girl are In the Hip-Hop world. A lot of young people In the world are interested in hip-hop and that music. When we think of hip-hop, we are likely to think about: they are African American, aggressive and rap-music etc. Why do we consider the stereotype of hip-hop? What is based on our thinking about this stereotype? Before we discuss about them, we need to know what hip-hop is. Why do B-boys and B-girls interest in the hip-hop? We focused on the term: hip-hop. Foundation says that hip-hop is used to refer to three different concepts.When we understand the concepts of hip-hop, we are likely to understand about a-boys and B-girls as well as why they becomes to be a-boys and B-girls. Even though, they may break our society rule, they are likely to follow their hip-hop concepts. For better worse, people should follow their own rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hip-hop is established dance and music category. These Idea Is not based on anything so this Is my hypothesis whether a-boy follow the concepts or not. The most Important aspect of this variety of the hip-hop is that It Is unmediated. In other words, the idea of hip-hop is happened B;boys and B-girls bounteously.They just express themselves on the hip-hop. It seems to be the advertisement without no product. That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. These ideas often appear in the period of adolescence. In this period, young people do not make their identity so that they are stumped about themselves. In that time, when they meet hip-hop, they are interested in hip-hop because it is easy for them to express. They Just dance using their body, and do not use specific tool. Second, the term hip-hop refers to a form of popular music that developed, or was developed, out f hip-hop culture.It means that rap-music came from the Interaction between hip- hop culture and the preexisting music Industry. Hip-hop Is strongly related to the rap-music. A lot of people can connect to hip-hop to listen to rap-music. Thirdly, the term hip-hop is increasingly used as a kind of loose demographic designation for contemporary African American youth, regardless of whether or not they have any overt connection to rap music or to other hip-hop arts. These idea turns out to be phrases as the hip-hop attitude and the hip-hop generation.In view of this sense, IP-hop is usually invoked to emphasize age and class over race when singling out young African Americans, either for praise or criticism. As we know, the culture of hip-hop is related to young African American. However, some problems are likely to arise in our society. In one online cone column, Jason Whitlock blames hip-hop for the lack of discipline among contemporary football players. Hip-hop is the dominant culture of black youth. In general music, especially hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. Rappers and rockers are no trying to fix robbers.They create problems for attention. That philosophy, attitude and behavior go against everything football coaches stand for. Theyre in a constant battle to witnessing today are purposeless, selfish acts of buffoonery. Sensible people have grown tired of it. Football people are recognizing it doesnt contribute to a winning environment. (Witchdoctors) This column expresses well how hip-hop culture relates to our society. It seems to be biased this story by author, however, taking three hip- hop concepts into consideration; his statement is likely to be reliable.As he pointed out, hip-hop music is rebellious for no good reason other than to make money. I think that his opinion is the same as that of most people. Hip-hop culture, particularly, black American culture is likely to be against our society. This culture seems to relate to the counter culture. Counterculture was popular from 1960 to 1970. Hip-hop culture began in 1970 so young people in around ass and ass were definitely affected by counterculture. To wrap out the term of hip-hop, black American lives in the hip-hop culture and then they become to be a-boys and B-girls.They are interested in the rap-music. Their idea about hip-hop seems to be the advertisement without promoting product. Their life is hip-hop culture and one of a-boy and B-girls way to express them. I consider the history of classic a-boy and hip-hop. We have already known about what the term: hip-hop is. It is good order to learn the history of classic a-boy and hip-hop. When we understand the history and the meaning of hip-hop, we will get what they want to dance, why they want to dance and how they dance on the hip- hop. Also, we should check whether my hypothesis is correct or not.In the early hip- hop era, they did not use hip-hop songs. These songs were the rock and funk songs. Their originators danced to in the half-decade between hip-hops emergence as a coloratura movement around 1974 and the development of an associated musical gene rein 1970. By the mid-ass the musical breaking the song had taken on a new life as a historical break between the end of soul culture and the beginning of hip- hop culture. The breaking in the hip-hop is important for them to dance on the hip- hop. The brake is the original essence of the dance and the seed of its tradition.In his case, these breaking do not lead to rebellion; Jason Whitlock talked, in our society. However, from point of view of the roots of hip-hop, breaking songs and creating problems, Jason pointed out, is the same thing. Without lack of information about the term of hip-hop, we do not reach their breaking idea. Thats why leaning the term of hip-hop first is the most important. B-boys songs are valued as frameworks forth act of B-boning because they combine practical factors that facilitate the particular dance style with socio-historical associations that place any given performance in the context of b-boy history. The earliest a-boy danced to these songs in their entirety, saving their best moves for the break therefore the deejays began to focus on the breaks in the first place. The hip-hop is influenced by samba, mambo, salsa and Latin music. The syncopation of samba rhythms is fundamental aspect of the relationship between movement and suppressed elements of a composition. So, a-boy and B-girls dance is based on samba and then they arrange their dance to express themselves well. In view of Latin music, conga drums had become one of the important sounds to arise African American musical nationalism.The instrument was an important part of the sound of another of Americas great cultural achievements: funk. The vibrant music relationship that b- value of live versus recorded music. In other words, without recoding of these songs -the way they seem to capture and time an place in which they were made is an important part of their appeal. Their emotion and dance expresses themselves at that time. So, recording their feeling and motion seems to getting decrease value. When we think of the concepts of hip-hop, it makes sense that no recording about them is more value than that of the recording. They Just dance for expressing themselves.That reality became to be the hip-hop culture. It is generally accepted that reality is more important than recoding reality. For example, we think of rock concert and that video. Which one do you think that things of value are? It is needless to say that we choose the rock concert because the concert is definitely more valuable than that of video. In conclusion, a-boy and B-girl have followed by their rule. They have been adding some dance and music on the hip-hop and developing their skill of dance and music. I believe that their breaking will be attention for producing new dance and music categories in the future.After leaning the concept of hip-hop and their early activities, my image of hip-hop is dramatically changing to that of favorable impression. When we encounter the unknown thing, we are likely to regard that as bad thing. However, in most cases, it is too much biased by mass media. Most people in the hip-hop world are striving for developing their dance and music, and they follow the concepts of hip-hop. Their hip-hop world including dance and music is keeping for expanding our world. They will create their new way of expressing themselves.

Precipitate Definition and Example in Chemistry

Precipitate Definition and Example in Chemistry In chemistry, to precipitate is  to form an insoluble compound either by reacting two salts or by changing the temperature to affect the solubility of the compound. Also,​ the name given to the solid that is formed as a result of a precipitation reaction. Precipitation may indicate a chemical reaction has occurred, but it may also occur if solute concentration exceeds its solubility. Precipitation is preceded by an event called nucleation, which is when small insoluble particles aggregate with each other or else form an interface with a surface, such as the wall of a container or a seed crystal. Key Takeaways: Precipitate Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, precipitate is both a verb and a noun.To precipitate is to form an insoluble compound, either by decreasing the solubility of a compound or by reacting two salt solutions.The solid that forms via a precipitation reaction is called the precipitate.Precipitation reactions serve important functions. They are used for purification, removing or recovering salts, for making pigments, and to identify substances in qualitative analysis. Precipitate vs Precipitant The terminology can seem a bit confusing. Heres how it works: Forming a solid from a solution is called precipitation. A chemical that causes a solid to form in a liquid solution is called a precipitant. The solid is called the precipitate. If the particle size of the insoluble compound is very small or there is insufficient gravity to draw the solid to the bottom of the container, the precipitate may be evenly distributed throughout the liquid, forming a suspension. Sedimentation refers to any procedure that separates the precipitate from the liquid portion of the solution, which is called the supernate. A common sedimentation technique is centrifugation. Once the precipitate has been recovered, the resulting powder may ​be  called a flower. Precipitation Example Mixing silver nitrate and sodium chloride in water will cause silver chloride to precipitate out of solution as a solid. In this example, the precipitate is silver chloride. When writing a chemical reaction, the presence of a precipitate may be indicated by following the chemical formula with a down arrow: Ag Cl- → AgCl↓ Uses of Precipitates Precipitates may be used to identify the cation or anion in a salt as part of qualitative analysis. Transition metals, in particular, are known to form different colors of precipitates depending on their elemental identity and oxidation state. Precipitation reactions are used to remove salts from water, to isolate products, and to prepare pigments. Under controlled conditions, a precipitation reaction produces pure crystals of precipitate. In metallurgy, precipitation is used to strengthen alloys. How to Recover a Precipitate There are several methods used to recover a precipitate: Filtration: In filtration, the solution containing the precipitate is poured over a filter. Ideally, the precipitate remains on the filter, while the liquid passes through it. The container may be rinsed and poured onto the filter to aid recovery. There is always some loss, either through dissolution into the liquid, passing through the filter, or adhesion to the filter media. Centrifugation: In centrifugation, the solution is rapidly rotated. For the technique to work, the solid precipitate must be more dense than the liquid. The compacted precipitate, called the pellet, may be obtained by pouring off the liquid. There is typically less loss than with filtration. Centrifugation works well with small sample sizes. Decantation: In decantation, the liquid layer is poured or suctioned away from the precipitate. In some cases, an additional solvent is added to separate the solution from the precipitate. Decantation may be used with the entire solution or following centrifugation. Precipitate Aging A process called precipitate aging or digestion occurs when a fresh precipitate is allowed to remain in its solution. Typically the temperature of the solution is increased. Digestion can produce larger particles with a higher purity. The process that leads to this result is known as Ostwald ripening. Sources Adler, Alan D.; Longo, Frederick R.; Kampas, Frank; Kim, Jean (1970). On the preparation of metalloporphyrins. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 32 (7): 2443. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80535-8Dhara, S. (2007). Formation, Dynamics, and Characterization of Nanostructures by Ion Beam Irradiation. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences. 32 (1): 1-50. doi:10.1080/10408430601187624Zumdahl, Steven S. (2005). Chemical Principles (5th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-37206-7.

Multiculturalism Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiculturalism - Research Proposal Example This also applies to the aspect of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism remains a controversial issue in many regions, including Canada. While some people consider it negative, some view it as positive. Nonetheless, the importance of multiculturalism is quite evident, thus it is important to explore the evidence that shows that multiculturalism is important in society.Thesis Statement/central argument A key argument in this proposal is that multiculturalism is a good thing in society, and so people need to embrace and develop this phenomenon, in order to realize development in various aspects of their lives and country. Methods and procedures In order to provide evidence to support the argument in this proposal, the method of literature review will be utilized. In this method, evidence will be drawn from past literature, which has focused on multiculturalism, as well as how this is important for the realization of development in the life of an individual, and in society as a whole. Evi dence and sources that will be used to support the argument The sources used will be drawn from various journals. Journal articles are authentic, thus reliable for supporting major arguments. Additionally, these provide valid information, which is also reliable and can be used for reference purposes. In total, seven journal articles will be utilized. These are published in various journals and focus on the issue of multiculturalism. Using these sources will help to support the argument that has been advanced in the proposal.

Healing in Marks Gospel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healing in Marks Gospel - Essay Example Further we will see that it is very arguable point. All cases of healing in Mark can be split into two broad categories: healing itself, and casting out demons and unclean spirits. The former one includes healing from fever, leprosy, paralysis, withered hand, haemorrhage, death, deafness, blindness, and in the latter one there are numerous instances of exorcism. When Jesus cast out an unclean spirit in Capernaum, it "convulsing him [a man] and crying with a loud voice, came out of him" (Mk 2:26). Whenever we read about demons and evil spirits we must remember that it's a common reference for mentally sick people of ancient and medieval times. Possessed ones actually had hysteria or various kinds of mental disorders (Crombie, 1964); belief in somebody's divinity could be a shock strong enough to cure themselves. It is important to note that at least in some cases (or even maybe in every one) it was a sick person healing himself, and Jesus was simply an agent, a catalyst. Crowds gathered around Jesus, for they believed that even a touch of his clothes could remove disease (Mark 5:28). A woman suffering from haemorrhage was healed, or maybe we should say "self-healed" in this way - in Mark 5:24-34 it is clearly shown. The woman thought that she would be healed if had touched Jesus' clothes, she believed in it. Notice that the meaning of "belief" has at least two different meanings: you can believe that Earth is round (in fact, it's a flattened sphere) but it doesn't affect your feelings, since you're not an ancient astronomer questioning the contrary. And there is belief that is somehow connected with your welfare, health or even life. Sometimes it grows up to the stage of temporary insanity, and a stress situation can have a great impact on individual. In our case we see the latter situation: "your faith has made you well" (Mark 5:34). Then the author adds: "go in peace, and be healed of your disease" to emphasise the role of Jesus. If we agree to the aforesaid, we must agree that disbelief works in adverse way. When Jesus returned to his hometown, there was no sensation, for they remember him to be just a son of carpenter. Men in synagogue demonstrated hostility against him and "he could do no deed of power there" (Mark 6:5), though healed a few people. About the same way Jesus healed Simon's mother-in-law, who had fever (Mark 1:29); a paralysed man (Mark 2); a man with a withered hand (Mark 3:5); a deaf man near Decapolis (Mark 7:31-35); a blind man in Bethsaida (Mark 8:22-26) and near Jericho (Mark 10:46-52) and a multitude of people whose diseases are not mentioned. Actually, it doesn't matter what disease was healed; it matters, how it was healed. Sanders in his book "The Historical Figure of Jesus" (Sanders, 1996, especially chapter 17) goes further and also asks about perception specifics of ancient men, what they thought they saw and what really happened. Why the blind man in Bethsaida wasn't healed from the first attempt There may be many suggestions, but I think it's because of author's attitude towards prayers. Compare the case of epileptic boy, when Jesus' disciples were unable to heal him; there Jesus emphasised the importance of prayer and faith. We don't have to pay attention on imaginary